MANURE MEDIA AND SOURSOP EXTRACT SHAPE EARLY OIL PALM SEEDLING GROWTH

Jihan Alya Mustafa; Razali; Ahmad Nadhira

doi:10.58432/f1bj8t09

Authors

Jihan Alya Mustafa Tjut Nyak Dhien University Author
Razali Tjut Nyak Dhien University Author
Ahmad Nadhira Tjut Nyak Dhien University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58432/f1bj8t09

Keywords:

botanical pesticide, livestock manure, nursery medium, oil palm, temporal response

Abstract

Sustainable oil palm nurseries require locally available growth media and crop-protection inputs, yet the growth consequences of combining livestock-manure media with soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaf extract remain unclear. This study evaluated three manure-amended media formulations and three extract application volumes for DxP Simalungun oil palm seedlings during the pre-nursery stage. A 3 x 3 factorial randomized complete block design with three blocks comprised 27 plots and 135 seedlings. Media formulations were topsoil amended with cow manure at 150 g/polybag (M0), goat manure at 100 g/polybag (M1), or chicken manure at 100 g/polybag (M2); extract volumes were 0, 50, and 100 mL/polybag. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and leaf number were observed weekly from 5 to 12 weeks after planting (WAP). Reanalysis of plot means showed time-dependent main effects rather than a stable synergistic response. At 12 WAP, media formulation affected leaf area (p = 0.023), with M2 producing the highest mean (4.86 cm2), while extract volume affected leaf number (p = 0.046), with the highest mean at 50 mL (2.67 leaves). No interaction was significant for any 12-WAP endpoint. The novelty lies in the factorial, time-resolved separation of transient and persistent responses: media effects were most consistent for foliage development, whereas soursop extract effects were intermittent and did not replace nutrient provisioning. Chicken-manure-amended topsoil therefore appears promising for leaf expansion, but chemically standardized extract trials that also measure pest suppression are required.

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