EXPLORATION OF INSECTS AND MACROFAUNA ON MATURE OIL PALM IN SELESAI, LANGKAT

M. Fadeliansyah Marbun; Octanina Sari Br Sijabat; Ahmad Nadhira

doi:10.58432/x8343t52

Authors

M. Fadeliansyah Marbun Tjut Nyak Dhien University Author
Octanina Sari Br Sijabat Tjut Nyak Dhien University Author
Ahmad Nadhira Tjut Nyak Dhien University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58432/x8343t52

Keywords:

oil palm, insect diversity, soil macrofauna, Metisa plana, integrated pest management

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the diversity of insects and soil macrofauna in mature (TM) oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in Selesai Sub-district, Langkat Regency, and to determine their ecological roles as pests, natural enemies, or decomposers. Sampling was carried out purposively; flying insects were collected with a sweep net (ten sweeps per plot) in the morning and afternoon, while soil macrofauna were trapped using plastic pitfall cups. Specimens were identified to genus or species level using a standard determination key, and community structure was analysed through absolute and relative density, absolute and relative frequency, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'). Fifteen insect taxa were recorded in the morning survey and fourteen in the afternoon survey, with H' values of 2.4063 and 2.3777, respectively, indicating a moderate level of diversity. The bagworm Metisa plana was the most abundant taxon in the morning survey, representing a defoliation risk if its population is left unmanaged, whereas the black ant Dolichoderus thracicus dominated the afternoon survey. Natural enemies such as the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina, wolf spiders, wasps, and ladybird beetles were consistently present, alongside decomposers including millipedes, beetles, and flies. These findings indicate that the mature oil palm ecosystem in the study area still supports a functioning balance between pests and beneficial organisms, and that integrated pest management (IPM) practices that conserve natural enemies and reduce insecticide use are a feasible management strategy.

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