IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA

Abstract

This study examines how the Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) is implemented through the PPEPP cycle in Indonesian Islamic higher education institutions, the outcomes reported in previous studies, and the conditions that explain variation in implementation. The study uses an integrative literature review with thematic content analysis rather than claiming an exhaustive systematic review. Literature identification and verification were conducted in August 2026 through Google Scholar, GARUDA, journal-publisher pages, institutional repositories, and official government portals. Ten scholarly sources published between 2018 and 2025 that directly addressed SPMI, PPEPP, or closely related quality-management practices in Indonesian higher education were retained for analytical synthesis; Law Number 12 of 2012, Regulation of the Minister of Higher Education, Science, and Technology Number 39 of 2025, and the 2026 SPMI implementation guideline were used as policy context. The synthesis shows that PPEPP provides a formal improvement cycle, but its effectiveness depends on leadership commitment, human-resource capacity, quality culture, digital infrastructure, and follow-up mechanisms. Reported outcomes include better documentation, learning and curriculum control, internal audit practices, governance, and research management, although most evidence is qualitative and institution-specific. Persistent constraints include limited personnel, uneven quality literacy, weak cross-unit coordination, administrative burden, and incomplete digital integration. The study contributes an integrative framework that positions quality culture as the mechanism linking enabling conditions to PPEPP implementation and institutional outcomes.